In 2001, Jim O’Neill1 identified four emerging countries likely to become the world’s leading economies by 2050. Brazil, Russia, India and China had adopted a market economy and embarked on reforms (in the field of education, foreign direct investment and business start-ups) to integrate into the global economy. In 2006, the four nations decided to…
Against a difficult economic backdrop, Turkey’s April agenda is a busy one. Despite this, President Erdoğan is seeking to position himself as a key diplomatic leader in the region. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan continues his dangerous balancing act. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s statements on Russian President Vladimir Putin’s imminent visit to Turkey are a reminder of…
As former country of the Soviet satellites the Republic of Azerbaijan has inherited of its ways. Indeed, the country is suspected of torturing and eliminating its political opponents. Supported by Turkey, Azerbaijan continues to annihilate what remains of Armenia. After Nagorno-Karabakh, it is likely that the conflict with Armenia will spread to Nakhichevan. Despite this,…
The self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh is a country not recognised by the international community. It has been in conflict with Azerbaijan since the end of the Soviet era. Relations between the players in this conflict are complex and sometimes inconsistent. Turkey, Russia and Iran contribute to the complexity of the situation: Turkey supports Azerbaijan, which…
Early January, thousands of Israelis took to the street to protest plans by its new far-right government. Observers fear the plan will lower the country’s democratic system of checks and balances and deteriorate the democratic institutions.Global opinion surveys show that the public faith in the value of democracy has been declining. Yet authoritarian countries have…
On the international scene, Turkey is a unique country because of its political paradoxes. It is a member of NATO, yet it buys arms from Russia. It is the only country in the world able to apply for membership of the European Union (EU) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) at the same time, the…
Iran is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, as its territory was already inhabited in the fourth millennium BC. Archaeological research shows that already at that time, cities were built and a social system existed. The country has a long history, with a number of empires, dynasties and dominions. The richness and diversity…
“Mercenaries”: the word is in everyone’s mouth. They are in Ukraine, in Africa and across the Middle East. But few really know what this actually means. An attempt to establish a legal framework Private security companies / private military companies, are considered as private actors intervening for the benefit of other private companies, NGOs, but…
Children seem are targeted in Ukraine and a variety of rights violations has been identified.
Why is Russia targeting civilian infrastructure in Ukraine? Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, there have been reports of civilian casualties. The Russian media designated them as collateral damages. Indeed, it can happen that mistakes are done during a military operation and that civilians die as a result.However, it appears that damages to…
